Page 9 of 18
March 2001
Fibre Channel: Why another interface?
The Fibre Channel approach to data transfer
During a Fibre Channel data transfer, hardware in the sending device
segments each data block or information unit into a sequence of data
structures called frames. These frames are analogous to packets in
traditional network protocols. Each frame can contain up to 2,112 bytes of
information (compared to 1,500 bytes per packet for Ethernet), plus
addressing and error correction information.
If the information unit fits within a single frame, a single-frame sequence is
used to transport the information to the recipient. When the information unit
is too large to fit in a single frame, the Fibre Channel hardware combines
multiple frames into a sequence. Up to 65,536 frames can be concatenated
into a single sequence. The use of sequences reduces the amount of
processor overhead during the transfer of very large files by minimizing the
time required to process individual frames.
The sequenced data is transmitted over a serial cable to the recipient. The
recipient breaks each sequence into frames and reassembles the
information units in the individual frames to reconstruct the original
application data, which is then delivered to the recipient CPU for
higher-level processing. The use of sequences makes transferring large
blocks of information with minimum processor interruption possible.
Hardware in the sending and receiving devices handles the segmentation
and reassembly of frames into data blocks
Application data
block
Segmentation
Frame
Frame
Frame
FC
sequence
Sending device
Receiving device
Fibre Channel
transport
Application
data block
Reassembly
Frame
Frame
Frame
Frame
FC
sequence
Data
Fibre Channel reduces
processor overhead by
handling the data segmentation
and reconstruction, flow
control, and error correction in
hardware.
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