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Fibre Channel: Why another interface?
March 2001
The Fibre Channel solution
While bus and traditional network technologies are excellent solutions in the
environments for which they were originally designed, neither adequately
meets the challenges of todays data storage environments. Fibre Channel
was specifically designed and optimized for high-speed, server-to-storage
and server-to-server data communication. This new interface combines the
performance and data handling characteristics of a bus with the flexibility
and distance capabilities of a network, and improves on both.
Fibre Channel provides each server attached to Fibre Channel network
with the kind of high-performance data transfer that is normally reserved for
directly connected devices, but over significantly longer distances. Fibre
Channel supports data rates that are comparable to or better than SCSI (up
to 200 MB per second or 120,000 pages of text per second versus 160 MB
per second for Ultra160 SCSI). Because it uses serial data transmission,
Fibre Channel can transfer data up to 25 meters per link using copper
cable and up to 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) per link using single-mode fiber
optic cable (compared to 25 meters for a dedicated Ultra2 SCSI bus
between two devices and only 3 meters for a multi-device bus).
The following table summarizes the characteristics of the new Fibre
Channel interface that make it ideal for building large data storage networks.
Fibre Channel combines characteristics of a bus and a network
Bus characteristics
Network characteristics
High-performance data
transfer (up to 200 MB per
second)
Low error rates
Hardware signal processing
and error handling resulting
in low processor overhead
Separate cables for
transmitting and receiving
data
Reliable data transmission
protocols to ensure that
packets are not lost or
damaged during
transmission
Support for existing
high-level command
protocols like SCSI
Serial data transmission
Increased distance between
devices (up to 10 kilometers)
Simple cables and connectors
Encapsulated data allows
heterogeneous systems
transferring many different types
of data to share the network
Support for connecting a large
number of devices or nodes (up to
126 in an arbitrated loop, over 16
million in a switched fabric)
Unique identifiers for each device
Support for hubs and switches to
create configurable networks
(fabric) for robust, reliable,
scalable data transfer between
multiple servers and storage
Support for standard network
architectures allows devices to be
monitored and maintained using
familiar network technologies
Fibre Channel combines the
advantages of parallel bus
and network technologies and
improves on both.
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